Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. This inflammation causes them to narrow, making it harder to breathe and often leading to a cough.
Acute Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis is the most common type, usually caused by a viral infection like the flu or common cold. Symptoms typically appear suddenly and include a cough (often producing mucus), chest congestion, shortness of breath, and sometimes fever. Most cases resolve within a week or two with rest and supportive care.
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a more serious condition, characterized by a persistent cough with mucus production lasting at least three months a year for two consecutive years. It’s primarily linked to long-term exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke, air pollution, or chemical fumes. Chronic bronchitis significantly damages the airways and often develops alongside emphysema, forming chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Differentiating the Types
The key difference lies in duration and cause. Acute bronchitis is short-lived and typically viral, while chronic bronchitis is long-lasting and often linked to environmental irritants. Proper diagnosis requires a medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause and severity.
Further Considerations
Bacterial infections can also cause bronchitis, although less frequently than viruses. A doctor can determine if antibiotics are necessary. Asthma can exacerbate bronchitis symptoms. People with asthma should carefully monitor their condition and follow their doctor’s recommendations.
