Propranolol reduces anxiety symptoms primarily by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the body. These receptors are part of your sympathetic nervous system, the “fight-or-flight” response system.
When you experience anxiety, your body releases adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones bind to beta-receptors, triggering physical anxiety symptoms like a racing heart, trembling, sweating, and shortness of breath. Propranolol prevents this binding, thus lessening the intensity of these physical manifestations.
Specifically, Propranolol targets beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. Beta-1 receptors primarily reside in the heart, influencing heart rate and contractility. Blocking these reduces palpitations and tachycardia often associated with anxiety attacks. Beta-2 receptors, found in the lungs and blood vessels, impact bronchodilation and vasodilation. Their blockage contributes to alleviating symptoms like shortness of breath.
Importantly, Propranolol doesn’t directly address the underlying psychological causes of anxiety. It manages the physical symptoms. This means it’s often used to treat performance anxiety or manage the physical symptoms of social anxiety, but not as a standalone treatment for generalized anxiety disorder.
The dosage and effectiveness of Propranolol vary among individuals. A doctor will determine the appropriate dose based on your specific needs and medical history. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting or changing any medication.
