Lymphoma is a cancer affecting a dog’s lymphatic system, a network of tissues and organs crucial for fighting infections. This system includes lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and even the gut. Lymphoma develops when white blood cells, specifically lymphocytes, multiply uncontrollably, forming tumors. These tumors can spread throughout the body.
Types of Canine Lymphoma
Several lymphoma types exist, categorized by the affected lymphocyte type and location. The most common is multicentric lymphoma, showing multiple swollen lymph nodes. Other forms include mediastinal lymphoma (chest involvement), alimentary lymphoma (gastrointestinal tract), and cutaneous lymphoma (skin). Accurate diagnosis needs a biopsy, confirming the cancer type and stage.
Recognizing Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the lymphoma type and location. Noticeable signs include swollen lymph nodes (often painless), lethargy, weight loss, decreased appetite, fever, and persistent coughing or difficulty breathing (if chest involvement). Some dogs exhibit enlarged spleen or abdomen, while others may have skin lesions. Prompt veterinary attention is critical upon observing any of these symptoms.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Veterinary oncologists use various methods for diagnosis, including physical examination, blood tests, imaging (X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans), and lymph node biopsy. Treatment options include chemotherapy, often combined with other therapies, such as radiation therapy or targeted therapies in specific cases. Your vet will create a personalized treatment plan based on your dog’s breed, age, overall health, and the specific lymphoma type and stage. Prognosis varies depending on factors such as the type and stage at diagnosis and response to treatment.
