Hyzaar combines two active ingredients: losartan and hydrochlorothiazide. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). It works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels, increasing blood pressure. This blockage causes blood vessels to relax and widen, lowering blood pressure.
Losartan’s Action
Losartan prevents angiotensin II from binding to its receptors in blood vessel walls, thus preventing vasoconstriction. This leads to decreased peripheral resistance and subsequently, lower blood pressure. It also reduces sodium and water retention by the kidneys.
Hydrochlorothiazide’s Role
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. It increases urine production by enhancing the excretion of sodium and water from the body. This reduces blood volume, which contributes to lower blood pressure. The combined effect of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide provides a synergistic reduction in blood pressure, often more effective than either drug alone.
Combined Effect
The combination of losartan’s blood vessel relaxation and hydrochlorothiazide’s fluid-reducing effect creates a powerful, two-pronged approach to blood pressure management. This combination is particularly useful for individuals whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled with either drug individually.
