Acetazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase, a zinc-containing enzyme.
- This enzyme plays a critical role in the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water. Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
By blocking carbonic anhydrase, acetazolamide affects several physiological processes:
Reduced Bicarbonate Reabsorption in the Kidneys: This leads to increased bicarbonate excretion in the urine, resulting in a mild diuresis (increased urine production) and a decrease in blood pH (acidosis). Decreased Aqueous Humor Secretion in the Eyes: Carbonic anhydrase is crucial for the secretion of aqueous humor, the fluid that fills the eye’s anterior chamber. Acetazolamide’s inhibition reduces this secretion, lowering intraocular pressure – useful in glaucoma management. Altered Respiratory Function: While less prominent than renal effects, acetazolamide can slightly increase respiration rate as the body attempts to compensate for the acidosis.
These effects, primarily the diuresis and reduction in intraocular pressure, are the basis for acetazolamide’s therapeutic applications.
Remember to consult a healthcare professional for proper dosage and management.
